Composite materials : design and applications / Daniel Gay

Translation of: Mat©♭riaux composites

Includes bibliographical references (pages 595-598) and index

Section I: Principles of Construction -- Composite Materials: Interest and Physical Properties -- What Is a Composite Material-- Broad Definition -- Main Features -- Fibers and Matrices -- Fibers -- Materials for Matrices -- What Can Be Made Using Composite Materials-- A Typical Example of Interest -- Some Examples of Classical Design Replaced by Composite Solutions -- Main Physical Properties -- Manufacturing Processes -- Molding Processes -- Contact Molding -- Compression Molding -- Vacuum Molding -- Resin Injection Molding -- Injection Molding with Prepreg -- Foam Injection Molding -- Molding of Hollow Axisymmetric Components -- Other Forming Processes -- Sheet Forming -- Profile Forming -- Forming by Stamping -- Preforming by Three-Dimensional Assembly -- Automated Tape Laying and Fiber Placement -- Practical Considerations on Manufacturing Processes -- Acronyms -- Cost Comparison -- Ply Properties -- Isotropy and Anisotropy -- Isotropic Materials -- Anisotropic Material -- Characteristics of the Reinforcement/Matrix Mixture -- Fiber Mass Fraction -- Fiber Volume Fraction -- Mass Density of a Ply -- Ply Thickness -- Unidirectional Ply -- Elastic Modulus -- Ultimate Strength of a Ply -- Examples -- Examples of High-Performance Unidirectional Plies -- Woven Ply -- Forms of Woven Fabrics -- Elastic Modulus of Fabric Layer -- Examples of Balanced Fabric/Epoxy -- Mats and Reinforced Matrices -- Mats -- Example: A Summary of Glass/Epoxy Layers -- Microspherical Fillers -- Other Classical Reinforcements -- Multidimensional Fabrics -- Example: A 4D Architecture of Carbon Reinforcement -- Example: Three-Dimensional Carbon/Carbon Components -- Metal Matrix Composites -- Some Examples -- Unidirectional Fibers/Aluminum Matrix -- Biocomposite Materials -- Natural Plant Fibers -- Natural Vegetable Fiber-Reinforced Composites -- Manufacturing Processes -- Nanocomposite Materials -- Nanoreinforcement -- Nanocomposite Material -- Mechanical Applications -- Manufacturing of Nanocomposite Materials -- Tests -- Sandwich Structures -- What Is a Sandwich Structure-- Their Properties Are Surprising -- Constituent Materials -- Simplified Flexure -- Stress -- Displacements -- Some Special Features of Sandwich Structures -- Comparison of Mass for the Same Flexural Rigidity -- Deterioration by Buckling of Sandwich Structures -- Other Types of Damage -- Manufacturing and Design Problems -- Example of Core Material: Honeycomb -- Shaping Processes -- Inserts and Attachment Fittings -- Repair of Laminated Facings -- Nondestructive Inspection -- Main Nondestructive Inspection Methods -- Acoustic Emission Testing -- Conception: Design and Drawing -- Drawing a Composite Part -- Specific Properties -- Guide Values of Presizing -- Laminate -- Unidirectional Layers and Fabrics -- Correct Ply Orientation -- Laminate Drawing Code -- Arrangement of Plies -- Failure of Laminates -- Damages -- Most Frequently Used Criterion: Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion -- Presizing of the Laminate -- Modulus of Elasticity-Deformation of a Laminate -- Case of Simple Loading -- Complex Loading Case: Approximative Proportions according to Orientations -- Complex Loading Case: Optimum Composition of a Laminate -- Notes for Practical Use Concerning Laminates -- Conception: Fastening and Joining -- Riveting and Bolting -- Local Loss of Strength -- Main Failure Modes in Bolted Joints of Composite Materials -- Sizing of the Joint -- Riveting -- Bolting -- Bonding -- Adhesives Used -- Geometry of the Bonded Joints -- Sizing of the Bonding Surface Area -- Case of Bonded Joint with Cylindrical Geometry -- Examples of Bonding -- Inserts -- Case of Sandwich Parts -- Case of Parts under Uniaxial Loads -- Composite Materials and Aerospace Construction -- Aircraft -- Composite Components in Aircraft -- Allocation of Composites Depending on Their Nature -- Few Comments -- Specific Aspects of Structural Strength -- Large Transport Aircraft -- Regional Aircraft and Business Jets -- Light Aircraft -- Fighter Aircraft -- Architecture and Manufacture of Composite Aircraft Parts -- Braking Systems -- Helicopters -- Situation -- Composite Areas -- Blades -- Rotor Hub -- Other Working Composite Parts -- Airplane Propellers -- Propellers for Conventional Aerodynamics -- High-Speed Propellers -- Aircraft Reaction Engine -- Employed Materials -- Refractory Composites -- Space Applications -- Satellites -- Propellant Tanks and Pressure Vessels -- Nozzles -- Other Composite Components for Space Application -- Composite Materials for Various Applications -- Comparative Importance of Composites in Applications -- Relative Importance in terms of Mass and Market Value -- Mass of Composites Implemented according to the Geographical Area -- Average Prices -- Composite Materials and Automotive Industry -- Introduction -- Composite Parts -- Research and Development -- Motor Racing -- Wind Turbines -- Components -- Manufacturing Processes -- Composites and Shipbuilding -- Competition -- Vessels -- Sports and Leisure -- Skis -- Bicycles -- Tennis Rackets -- Diverse Applications -- Pressure Gas Bottle -- Bogie Frame -- Tubes for Offshore Installations -- Biomechanical Applications -- Cable Car

Section I: Principles of Construction -- Composite Materials: Interest and Physical Properties -- Manufacturing Processes -- Ply Properties -- Sandwich Structures -- Conception: Design and Drawing -- Conception: Fastening and Joining -- Composite Materials and Aerospace Construction -- Composite Materials for Various Applications -- Section II: Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Materials -- Anisotropic Elastic Medium -- Elastic Constants of Unidirectional Composites -- Elastic Constants of a Ply in Any Direction -- Mechanical Behavior of Thin Laminated Plates -- Section III: Justifications, Composite Beams, and Thick Laminated Plates -- Elastic Coefficients -- Damage in Composite Parts: Failure Criteria -- Bending of Composite Beams of Any Section Shape -- Torsion of Composite Beams of Any Section Shape -- Bending of Thick Composite Plates -- Section IV: Applications -- Applications Level 1 -- Applications Level 2 -- Applications Level 3 -- Appendix A: Stresses in the Plies of a Carbon/Epoxy Laminate Loaded in Its Plane -- Appendix B: Buckling of Orthotropic Structures